Basic Types and Operators
Basic Data Types:
| Sr. No. | Data Type | Description |
| 1 | Byte | 8 bit signed value. Range from -128 to 127 |
| 2 | Short | 16 bit signed value. Range -32768 to 32767 |
| 3 | Int | 32 bit signed value. Range -2147483648 to 2147483647 |
| 4 | Long | 64 bit signed value. -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807 |
| 5 | Float | 32 bit IEEE 754 single-precision float |
| 6 | Double | 64 bit IEEE 754 double-precision float |
| 7 | Char | 16 bit unsigned Unicode character. Range from U+0000 to U+FFFF |
| 8 | String | A sequence of Chars |
| 9 | Boolean | Either the literal true or the literal false |
| 10 | Unit | Corresponds to no value |
| 11 | Null | null or empty reference |
| 12 | Nothing | The subtype of every other type; includes no values |
| 13 | Any | The supertype of any type; any object is of type Any |
| 14 | AnyRef | The supertype of any reference type |
Operators:
An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations. Scala is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of operators −
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Assignment Operators
→ Arithmetic Operators
The following arithmetic operators are supported by the Scala language.
| Operator | Description |
| + | Adds two operands |
| - | Subtracts second operand from the first |
| * | Multiplies both operands |
| / | Divides numerator by de-numerator |
| % | Modulus operator finds the remainder after division of one number by another |
→ Relational Operators
The following relational operators are supported by the Scala language
| Operator | Description |
| == | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then the condition becomes true. |
| != | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then the condition becomes true. |
| > | Checks if the value of the left operand is greater than the value of the right operand, if yes then the condition becomes true. |
| < | Checks if the value of the left operand is less than the value of the right operand, if yes then the condition becomes true. |
| >= | Checks if the value of the left operand is greater than or equal to the value of the right operand, if yes then the condition becomes true. |
| <= | Checks if the value of the left operand is less than or equal to the value of the right operand, if yes then the condition becomes true. |
→ Logical Operators
The following logical operators are supported by the Scala language.
| Operator | Description |
| && | It is called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non zero then the condition becomes true. |
| || | It is called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non zero then the condition becomes true. |
| ! | It is called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then the Logical NOT operator will make it false. |
→ Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit by bit operation. The truth tables for &, |, and ^ are as follows −
| p | q | p & q | p | q | p ^ q |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Operator | Description |
| & | Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. |
| | | Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. |
| ^ | Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. |
| ~ | Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. |
| << | Binary Left Shift Operator. The bit positions of the value of the left operand are moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. |
| >> | Binary Right Shift Operator. The bit positions of the left operand value are moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. |
| >>> | Shift right zero-fill operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values are filled up with zeros. |
Assignment Operators
There are the following assignment operators supported by Scala language −
| Operator | Description |
| = | Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand |
| += | Add AND assignment operator, It adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand |
| -= | Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to left operand |
| *= | Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand |
| /= | Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to left operand |
| %= | Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to the left operand |
| <<= | Left shift AND assignment operator |
| >>= | Right shift AND assignment operator |
| &= | Bitwise AND assignment operator |
| ^= | bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator |
| |= | bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator |
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