1. Which of the following is not a renewable source of energy?
a) Fossil fuels
b) Sun
c) Biomass
d) Wind
Answer: a
2. Which of the following is a thermal application of solar energy?
a) Photovoltaic
b) Concentrating collectors
c) Solar cell
d) Electricity
Answer: b
3. What is a solar collector?
a) A device that generates current
b) A device that collects and stores sunlight
c) A device that collects and concentrates sunlight
d) A device that filters sunlight
Answer: c
4. What is a non-concentrating solar collector?
a) Collects and stores sunlight
b) Collects and concentrates sunlight
c) Reflects sunlight
d) Directly uses the incoming global radiation
Answer: d
5. What is a concentrating solar collector?
a) Collects and concentrates sunlight on an absorber
b) Collects and concentrates sunlight on a reflector
c) Reflects sunlight
d) Directly uses the incoming global radiation
Answer: a
6. What are the applications of concentrating solar collectors?
a) Domestic water heating
b) Desalination plants
c) Linear focusing
d) Point focusing
Answer: b
7. How does geothermal energy work?
a) Uses water from the earth
b) Uses potential energy
c) Uses heat from the core of earth
d) Uses heat from atmosphere
Answer: c
8. Which of the following do heat pumps use in geothermal energy?
a) Earth’s variable temperature
b) Variable electricity
c) Constant electricity
d) Earth’s constant temperature
Answer: d
9. Which of the following is an application of hydro energy?
a) Flood risk management
b) Generating wind
c) Manufacturing
d) Environment damage
Answer: a
10. Hydro energy provide water for irrigation
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
11. Why are renewable resources preferred?
a) Cheap
b) Profitable
c) Release little greenhouse gases
d) Are freely available
Answer: c
12. Which of the following is a thermal application of biomass?
a) Freezing
b) Anaerobic Digestion
c) Fermentation
d) Combustion
Answer: d
13. Why is biomass gasification useful?
a) To get gases which can be used as fuel
b) To reduce solid waste
c) To increase solid waste
d) Biomass gasifiers are economical
Answer: a
14. Which of the following use producer gas from biomass?
a) Hydrothermal plant
b) Paper and textile industry
c) Wind plants
d) Fuel cells
Answer: b
15. Biomass is used to produce electricity.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
16. How is the heat inside earth restored?
a) Radioactive decay of elements
b) Sun restores the heat
c) Hot steam is pumped into earth
d) Cosmic rays
Answer: a
17. What is the increase in temperature per kilometer starting from the crust?
a) 15 degree Celsius
b) 17 – 30 degree Celsius
c) 100 degree Celsius
d) 50 – 87 degree Celsius
Answer: b
18. What is the earth’s core made up of?
a) Gamma rays
b) Nitrogen
c) Iron
d) Gold
Answer: c
19. Which of the following surrounds the earth’s core?
a) Mt. Everest
b) Crust
c) Hydrogen
d) Mantle
Answer: d
20. What is continental drift?
a) Tectonic plates pushing against each other
b) Continents being pulled due to gravitational force
c) Continents being pulled due to nuclear force
d) Tectonic plates expanding
Answer: a
21. Who initiated electricity generation from geothermal energy?
a) Indians
b) Italians
c) Americans
d) Africans
Answer: b
22. Why did the first Geysers project in California fail?
a) Did not find geothermal site
b) Insufficient steam
c) Corrosion of equipment
d) Availability of pure steam
Answer: c
23. Which of the following countries hosts the largest geothermal field?
a) Iran
b) Italy
c) Australia
d) United States
Answer: d
24. Which of the following is used to locate a geothermal site?
a) Drilling wells
b) Reflection
c) Seismograph
d) SONAR
Answer: a
25. Which of the following is the most probably location of geothermal site?
a) Grasslands
b) Volcanoes
c) Coasts
d) River beds
Answer: b
26. Most of the geothermal activity occurs at ______
a) Ring of water
b) Mt. Everest
c) Ring of fire
d) Amsterdam
Answer: c
27. Which of the following is the major drawback of geothermal energy?
a) Low initial cost
b) Low carbon dioxide production
c) High carbon dioxide production
d) Extremely location specific
Answer: d
28. Geothermal energy has high initial cost.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
29. Which of the following gases is released by a geothermal site and power plant?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Sulphur
c) Iron
d) Steel
Answer: b
30. Lord Kelvin invented the heat pump.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
31. What are the types of geothermal energy resources?
a) Hydrothermal, geo-pressurised brines, hot dry rocks, magma
b) Hydrothermal, geo-pressurised brines, hot dry rocks, sun
c) Biomass, geo-pressurised brines, hot dry rocks
d) Wind, magma, geopressurised brines, hydrothermal
Answer: a
32. What are the forms of geothermal energy?
a) Liquid and solid
b) Liquid and vapour
c) Solid and Bose-Einstein condensate
d) Plasma and liquid
Answer: b
33. What is/are the ingredient in hydrothermal plants?
a) Water
b) Hot water
c) Hot water and steam
d) Steam and water
Answer: c
34. Which of the following naturally occurring heater is best responsible for the hot water in a geothermal site?
a) Solar heater
b) Induction stove
c) Sunlight
d) Magma
Answer: d
35. Which of the following affect the usage of hydrothermal resources?
a) Temperature and depth of the source
b) Temperature and location of the site
c) Location of the site and depth of the source
d) Type of water and steam
Answer: a
36. Which temperature range is most suitable for directly using the hydrothermal resource? Note that “F” stands for Fahrenheit.
a) 100 – 150 degree F
b) 50 – 60 degree F
c) -100 – -90 degree F
d) -100 – 0 degree F
Answer: b
37. _________ directly use low temperature hydrothermal source.
a) Electricity generation
b) Waste treatment
c) Spas
d) Gas stove
Answer: c
38. Which of the following temperature ranges is most suitable to generate electricity from hydrothermal resources? Note that “F” stands for Fahrenheit.
a) 100 – 150 degree F
b) 55 – 60 degree F
c) -200 – -90 degree F
d) 300 – 700 degree F
Answer: d
39. Which of the following best indicates the electricity generation from dry steam?
a) Drilling well → steam → pipes → generator
b) Steam → drilling well → pipes → generator
c) Steam → pipes → drilling well → generator
d) Generator → steam → pipes → drilling well
Answer: a
40. Which of the following best indicates the electricity generation from hot water geothermal source?
a) Drilling well → hot water → generator → steam
b) Drilling well → hot water → steam → generator
c) Generator → hot water → steam → drilling well
d) Hot water → steam → drilling well → generator
Answer: b
41. What is a binary cycle power plant?
a) Lower temperature hot water is used to cool a fluid which compresses
b) Higher temperature hot water is used to cool a fluid which compresses
c) Lower temperature hot water is used to heat a fluid which expands
d) Higher temperature hot water is used to heat a fluid which compresses
Answer: c
42. Which of the following is used to run the turbine in a binary cycle power plant?
a) Fluid compressed due to hot water from the geothermal site
b) Hot water
c) Steam
d) Fluid expanded due to hot water from the geothermal site
Answer: d
43. What are geopressurised resources?
a) Increased pressure in the geothermal reservoir
b) Increased temperature in the geothermal reservoir
c) Decreased temperature in the geothermal reservoir
d) Decreased pressure in the geothermal reservoir
Answer: a
44. The pressure inside a geothermal reservoir increases due to the weight of the sediment layer.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
45. Why are geopressurized sites desirably?
a) Because they increase the energy required to pump the resource
b) Because they increase the temperature of the resource
c) Because they decrease the energy required to pump the resource
d) Because they decrease the temperature of the resource
Answer: c
46. Which of the following is a problem with a geothermal resource?
a) Noise pollution
b) Low greenhouse gas emission
c) Polluting water
d) Reversing damage to wildlife habitat
Answer: a
47. Which of the following gases are released by a geothermal power plant?
a) Carbon
b) Sulphur
c) Sulphate
d) Argon
Answer: b
48. Why do binary power plants emit less amounts of pollutants?
a) Because they release steam into the atmosphere
b) Because they release steam into a local water body
c) Because they inject water back into the ground without any atmospheric exposition
d) Because they inject water back into the ground after atmospheric exposition
Answer: c
49. Which of the following best describes the cause for noise pollution due to a geothermal power plant?
a) Emission of gases
b) Ecological destruction
c) Damaging wildlife habitat
d) Drilling wells
Answer: d
50. Geothermal plants use about 20L of fresh water per MWh.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
51. ________ water is used by The Geysers facility in California.
a) Fresh
b) Waste
c) Hot
d) Cold
Answer: b
52. What are the two main land use problems due to a geothermal power plant?
a) Minor earthquakes
b) Minor earthquakes and greenhouse gas emissions
c) Minor earthquakes and subsidence
d) Removal of magma and subsidence
Answer: c
53. How are subsidence and induced seismicity mitigated?
a) By removing the fluid
b) By removing the gas
c) By drilling deeper wells
d) By injecting spent fluid back into the reservoir
Answer: d
54. Geothermal plants are located near the reservoir.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
55. Which of the following geothermal power plants have no significant impact on natural features.
a) Binary cycle
b) Direct use
c) High temperature
d) Coal
Answer: b
56. Utilizing geothermal resources eliminates _________
a) sulphur emissions
b) usage of power grid
c) mining
d) earthquakes
Answer: c
57. If a geothermal power plant is located near a reservoir, fluid from _______ reservoir is used.
a) the same
b) another neighbouring
c) coal
d) another far away
Answer: d
58. Which of the following is most responsible for increasing usage of geothermal power plants?
a) Efficient heat pumps
b) More sites
c) Less sites
d) Poor heat pumps
Answer: a
59. Which of the following countries mainly use “direct-use” geothermal.
a) United States
b) Iceland
c) Iran
d) Greenland
Answer: b
60. Impacts on land, impacts on surrounding environment and gaseous emissions are the three main problems due to geothermal power plants.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
61. What is tidal power?
a) Energy from tides
b) Energy from water
c) Energy from moon
d) Energy from sun
Answer: a
62. Which of the following categories does tidal power fall into?
a) Hydrothermal
b) Hydropower
c) Solar
d) Wind
Answer: b
63. What is/are the cause(s) of tides?
a) Gravitational pull of moon
b) Gravitational pull of moon and sun
c) Gravitational pull of sun and moon and rotation of earth
d) Gravitational pull of sun
Answer: c
64. What is the minimum height of tides required for harnessing tidal energy economically?
a) 1 foot
b) 5 feet
c) 8 feet
d) 10 feet
Answer: d
65. In terms of predictability, tidal energy _____ solar and wind.
a) is more predictable than
b) is less predictable than
c) has similar predictability like
d) cannot be predicted unlike
Answer: a
66. Tidal barrage is similar to ______
a) wind plant
b) dam
c) wind turbines
d) coal plant
Answer: b
67. Which of the following best describes the working of a tidal barrage for an incoming tide?
a) Incoming tides → generator → barrage → basin
b) Incoming tides → basin → generator → barrage
c) Incoming tides → barrage → basin → generator
d) Generator → barrage → basin → incoming tides
Answer: c
68. Which of the following best describes the working of tidal barrage for outgoing tides?
a) Generator → basin → ocean → outgoing tide
b) Generator → ocean → basin → outgoing tide
c) Ocean → generator → basin → outgoing tide
d) Outgoing tide → generator → basin → ocean
Answer: d
69. Tidal barrages are a two-way tidal power system.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
70. Which of the following is a potential problem of a tidal barrage?
a) Impacts on deep sea/ocean marine life
b) Impacts on estuaries of the tidal basin
c) A two-way tidal power system
d) Decrease in turbidity
Answer: b
71. Which of the following tidal barrages has the largest capacity to generate electricity?
a) La Rance
b) Annapolis Royal
c) The Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station
d) Russian tidal plants
Answer: c
72. What are the three ways to harness tidal energy?
a) Tidal streams, tidal barrages and wind
b) Tidal barrages, wind and sun
c) Tidal lagoons, river streams and geothermal reservoirs
d) Tidal lagoons, tidal streams and tidal barrages
Answer: d
73. The United States has an economical tidal power plant.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
74. What is a tidal stream?
a) A river streams
b) A fast-flowing body of water due to tides
c) A fast-flowing body of water deposited into ocean
d) A fast-flowing body of water due to winds
Answer: b
75. Tidal generators produce steady and reliable stream of electricity.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
76. What is ocean thermal energy conversion?
a) Harnessing the temperature differences between surface waters and deep ocean waters
b) Harnessing the temperature differences between the coastal waters and deep ocean waters
c) Harnessing the heat energy from the underwater volcanoes
d) Harnessing the heat energy between surface water vapour and atmospheric gases
Answer: a
77. What is the temperature difference used in ocean thermal energy conversion? Note that F denotes Fahrenheit
a) 10 degree F
b) A minimum of 77 degree F
c) Between 50 and 60 degree F
d) A minimum of 100 degree F
Answer: b
78. What is thermohaline circulation?
a) Circulation of halogens throughout the ocean
b) Circulation of halogens due to temperature differences throughout the ocean
c) Large scale ocean circulation driven by global density gradients
d) Large scale halogens circulation due to global density gradients
Answer: c
79. What is the maximum estimated potential of ocean thermal energy conversion per year?
a) 80 GWh
b) 900 MWh
c) 10000 TWh
d) 88000 TWh
Answer: d
80. How does the cold and denser water masses sink to the depths of ocean?
a) Thermohaline circulation
b) Temperature gradient
c) Density gradient
d) Freshwater fluxes
Answer: a
81. Why is ocean thermal energy conversion a renewable resource?
a) Because the temperature gradient lasts for a short period of time
b) Because the upwelling of cold water from the deep ocean is replaced by downwelling of surface waters
c) Because ocean water is available in plenty
d) Because of sun’s heat
Answer: b
82. Which of the following are types of systems used in ocean thermal energy conversion?
a) Horizontal and vertical
b) Vertical and open cycle
c) Open cycle and closed cycle
d) Horizontal and closed cycle
Answer: c
83. Which of the following is used as working fluid in closed cycle oceanic thermal energy conversion systems?
a) Thermohaline circulation
b) Temperature gradient
c) Greenhouse gases
d) Refrigerants
Answer: d
84. Rankine Cycle is the most commonly used heat cycle for ocean thermal energy conversion.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
85. _______ turbine is used in closed cycle ocean thermal energy conversion.
a) Horizontal
b) Low-pressure
c) High-pressure
d) Vertical
Answer: b
86. Open cycle ocean thermal energy conversion systems use _____ as the working fluid.
a) vapour from rivers
b) water from rivers
c) vapour from seawater
d) seawater
Answer: c
87. What is the byproduct of an ocean thermal energy conversion system?
a) Electricity
b) Clean water
c) Water vapour
d) Cold water
Answer: d
88. Where is the world’s only operating ocean thermal energy conversion plant located?
a) Japan
b) United States
c) China
d) Korea
Answer: a
89. Which of the following best describes the working of an ocean thermal energy conversion plant?
a) Oceanic water → evaporator → turbine/generator → electricity
b) Warm surface oceanic water → evaporator containing working fluid → turbine/generator → electricity
c) Cold surface oceanic water → electricity → evaporator containing working fluid → turbine/generator
d) Cold deep oceanic water → electricity → evaporator containing working fluid → turbine/generator
Answer: b
90. The vapourized fluid in an ocean thermal energy conversion system is converted back into working liquid.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
91. What type of working fluids do closed-cycle ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems use?
a) Low boiling point fluids at atmospheric pressure
b) High boiling point fluids at atmospheric pressure
c) Low boiling point fluids at 100 bar
d) High boiling point fluids at 100 bar
Answer: a
92. What is the warm surface seawater pumped through in a closed-cycle ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system?
a) Heat compressor
b) Heat exchanger
c) Fluid compressor
d) Turbine
Answer: b
93. How is the vapourised working fluid condensed in a closed-cycle ocean thermal energy conversion system?
a) Warm surface seawater
b) Fresh warm water
c) Cold water from deep ocean
d) Fresh cold water
Answer: c
94. Which of the following organisations developed the “mini OTEC”?
a) CERN
b) NASA
c) ISRO
d) Natural Energy Laboratory
Answer: d
95. The open-cycle OTEC uses working fluid.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
96. Which of the following best describes the open-cycle OTEC?
a) Warm surface seawater → heat exchanger → working fluid → turbine
b) Warm surface seawater → low-pressure container → turbine/generator
c) Deep seawater → heat exchanger → working fluid → turbine
d) Deep seawater → low-pressure container → turbine/generator
Answer: b
97. Why does an open-cycle OTEC use low-pressure container?
a) To solidify the warm surface seawater
b) To evaporate the deep seawater
c) To boil and evaporate the warm surface seawater
d) To solidify the warm surface seawater
Answer: c
98. Which of the following produces desalinized fresh water?
a) Closed-cycle OTEC
b) Fracking
c) Ammonia
d) Open-cycle OTEC
Answer: d
99. Why does open-cycle OTEC produce desalinized fresh water?
a) Because the vapourised surface seawater leaves all the salts and contaminants in the low-pressure container
b) Because of the working fluid
c) Because the warm surface seawater is mixed with deep ocean water
d) Because of thermohaline circulation
Answer: a
100. Where is the desalinized fresh water used?
a) Sent back into ocean
b) Used for irrigation and aquaculture
c) Used to generate electricity
d) Used to generate tides
Answer: b
101. Which of the following best describes hybrid ocean thermal energy conversion?
a) Warm surface seawater → low-pressure container → turbine/generator
b) Deep seawater → vacuum chamber → flash-evaporated → steam vapourises ammonia → turbine
c) Warm surface seawater → vacuum chamber → flash-evaporated → steam vapourises ammonia → turbine
d) Deep seawater → low-pressure container → turbine/generator
Answer: c
102. How does hybrid OTEC provide desalinized water?
a) By evaporating the warm surface seawater
b) By solidifying the warm surface seawater
c) By condensing the steam generated from deep seawater
d) By condensing the steam generated from warm surface seawater
Answer: d
103. Which of the following is a good choice for working fluid?
a) CFCs
b) Steam
c) Surface seawater
d) Deep seawater
Answer: a
104. As the vapour pressure of working fluid increases the size of turbine ________
a) increases
b) decreases
c) does not change
d) first increases then decreases
Answer: b
105. The wall thickness of pipes used to transport the vapour increases as the vapour pressure of working fluid increases.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
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